<p>Whaleyville Historic District is a national historic district located at Suffolk, Virginia. The district encompasses 103 contributing buildings in the African-American community of Whaleyville in Suffolk. The district includes eight residences, two churches, two school structures, a train depot, a lodge, an outbuilding, and five commercial structures. They are in a variety of vernacular and popular turn-of-the 20th century architectural styles including Queen Anne and Bungalow. Notable buildings include the St. Stephens Holiness Church, Mineral Spring Baptist Church, Odd Fellows Lodge, McAlister Masonic Lodge, Bank of Whaleyville, and the Whaleyville Store.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Suffolk Historic District is a national historic district located at Suffolk, Virginia. The district encompasses 514 contributing buildings, 3 contributing structures, and 3 contributing objects in Suffolk. The district includes a variety of residential, commercial, governmental, and institutional buildings. They are in a variety of vernacular and popular 19th and 20th century architectural styles including Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Bungalow. Notable buildings include the Allmond Building , Macedonia A.M.E. Church , National Bank of Suffolk , the Old Post Office , old Nansemond County Courthouse , John Granberry house , Richard Seth Eley House , Jones Building , Suffolk Towers, Virginia Apartments , Causey-Kendrick house , Masonic Hall , Suffolk High School , Jefferson High School , old Methodist Church , St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church , Suffolk Christian Church , and Congregation of Agudath Achin. Located in the district are the separately listed Phoenix Bank of Nansemond, Professional Building, and Riddick House.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, with boundary increases in 1999, 2002, and 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Eisenhower Home in Abilene, Kansas, at the Eisenhower Presidential Center, was the house where USA President Dwight D. Eisenhower lived with his five brothers from 1898 to 1911, when he entered the USA Military Academy at West Point at age 20. In 1898 Eisenhowers father, David Jacob Eisenhower, and his wife Ida Elizabeth Stover Eisenhower, bought the house from Davids uncle Abraham. David and Ida lived in the house until their deaths in 1942 and 1946.</p><br>
<p>The two-story wood-frame house has a hipped roof with a central chimney. There is a one-story addition on the east side, a porch on the south side, which is the front of the house, and a small porch on the west side. The lower level has a parlor, dining room and kitchen. The upper level has two large bedrooms and one small bedroom.</p><br>
<p>After Idas death the Eisenhower brothers gave the house and its contents to a memorial foundation for preservation. The house is operated as a museum on the grounds of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home, which also houses Dwight and Mamie Eisenhowers gravesite. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 25, 1971.</p><br>
<p>Irvin Hall was the first permanent building at Highland University in Highland, Kansas. It is the oldest building in Kansas still used for higher education.</p><br>
<h2>Planning</h2><br>
<p>The Highland Town Company offered to give the university forty-eight additional lots and a sum of $1,200 if the board of trustees would construct a building within a three-year time span at a cost of greater than or equal value of $6,000. Samuel Irvin&#39;s plan was for the university to sell the lots at $100 per lot to get $4,800 in addition to the $1,200 provided by the company to cover the cost of the building. The building committee designed an enormous structure of four stories in the center and three stories on the wings of the building. The planned structure was to be 180 feet by 40 feet. The Bricks of the building were sourced from the old gates farm just north of highland and lumber was sourced from St. Joseph, Missouri and Doniphan, Kansas.</p><br>
<h2>Groundbreaking</h2><br>
<p>The Corner Stone for Irvin Hall was laid on May 11, 1858, accompanied by speeches by local leaders. One of Highland University&#39;s founders Samuel Irvin said at the laying of the cornerstone that only a few years had passed that "savage Indians" had roamed the area. he also added in his speech "now with the laying of the cornerstone civilization and education have taken the place of savagery and debauchery... he saw no reason why a Harvard or Yale College should not be built here..."</p><br>
<p>The first floor of what was supposed to be the east wing of building was completed as a one-story classroom building in 1858 in time for the school year that fall. The rest of building was never completed as a due to lack of funds. The total cost ended up being almost double the original plan at $10,000. The Overspending on the hall put the college in debt and while it was the first financial burden on the college it certainly wouldn&#39;t be the last.</p><br>
<h2>The University Building</h2><br>
<p>The two-story red brick building is described as an excellent example of the Plains Vernacular style. The facade uses flat stone lintels over the windows and doors, with pilasters and a brickwork pattern on two side. The other elevations are plain in character. A flat-topped wood frame bell tower is situated on the east end.</p><br>
<p>On the ground floor the university building had two 20x40 foot classrooms, two recitation rooms, apparatus room, library and an entrance hall. On the second floor that was completed in 1860 was a 40x40 foot chapel that was used by the Highland Presbyterian Church for worship until 1888.</p><br>
<h2>Iterations post 1900</h2><br>
<p>Irvin Hall was rented to highland high school in 1913 for 1,750 dollars a year due to size constraints imposed by the expansion of the high school curriculum from 2 to 4 years. This agreement was ended in 1923 when the new high school was finished.</p><br>
<p>The university building was officially renamed Irvin Hall in 1925 named for Rev. Samuel M. Irvin, a missionary at the Iowa and Sac & Fox Mission State Historic Site and a founder of Highland Community College (Kansas). Irvin Hall was also renovated again in 1925 changing the floorplan to have a dining hall on the second floor, and a chem lab and a science classroom on the first.</p><br>
<p>1944-1954 Irvin was primarily used as a storage structure and the roof was allowed to degrade. The roof was replaced in 1954 and the building was electrified. The first floor was decorated to become a student union. during the renovation there wasn&#39;t enough paint to cover all the walls of the north room in the building resulting in each wall being painted a different color giving it the name of "the rainbow room".</p><br>
<p>in 1959 the library was moved from the administration building to Irvin&#39;s upper level.</p><br>
<p>After the construction of the new library building in 1966 students formed a human chain from Irvin Hall to the new library passing each book one by one down the chain. Irvin hall was again remodeled with the arts and crafts classes being moved to Irvin&#39;s ground floor and the music department being moved up to its second floor.</p><br>
<p>Around the mid 1970s Irvin was extensively renovated with the first floor of Irvin being converted into a G.E.D. and developmental reading program classroom. The second floor being remodeled and converted into offices for the coaching staff.</p><br>
<p>The present-day interior has been extensively altered since the building&#39;s completion in 1860.</p><br>
<p>Irvin Hall was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1971.</p><br>
<p>Old Castle Hall was the first building of Baker University in Baldwin City, Kansas. It was built in 1857–58 to house the university on its first two floors, with the Palmyra Masonic Lodge occupying the third floor. It was used for classes until 1871, when other buildings were constructed for the purpose, and later used as a mill, a dormitory and for storage. The third floor was rebuilt during its service as a mill to address structural problems.</p><br>
<p>The building was restored in the 1950s and maintained as the Old Castle Museum. The museum features artifacts from early state, Methodist, and University history.</p><br>
<p>The hall is of rubble stone construction with crude quoining at the corners. The reconstruction of the third floor is visible by the change in material pattern on the outside. The overall plan is a rectangle. The interior has been extensively altered.</p><br>
<p>Old Castle Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1971.</p><br>
<p>The S. T. Zimmerman House is a historic house in Lawrence, Kansas. It was built in Lawrence, Kansas by mill owner S. T. Zimmerman. The Second Empire house is unique in the area for its style. The two-story brick house features a square tower, arched window openings, a bell-cast mansard roof, and extensive wrought iron detailing. The exterior has seen little alteration. The interior is altered in places but substantially intact.</p><br>
<p>The Zimmerman House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 6, 1974.</p><br>
<p>Spooner Hall was built in 1893–94 as the University of Kansas&#39; first library building. The Richardsonian Romanesque structure was designed by architect Henry Van Brunt and built with funds bequeathed by William B. Spooner, a Massachusetts leather merchant who had a family connection to the university. As originally built, the building housed a reading room on the ground floor and meeting space on the upper level, with book stacks in a five-story section.</p><br>
<p>Spooner Hall is constructed of rough-faced gray Oread Limestone blocks quarried in the immediate vicinity of Mount Oread. Red Dakota sandstone accents the quoins, columns, beltlines and sills. The roof is a steeply pitched gable with a clay tile roof covering, accented by a sculpted owl on the peak of the western gable. The original interior was completely modified for use as an art gallery.</p><br>
<p>In 1924, Spooner Hall was superseded by a new library. In 1926, the building became the Spooner-Thayer Museum of Art. Later renamed the University of Kansas Museum of Art, the collection moved into the Spencer Museum of Art in 1978. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 15, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The B. B. Moeur Activity Building is a structure on the campus of Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. Constructed from 1936 to 1939 by the Works Progress Administration, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in September 1985, ahead of the typical 50-year requirement for National Register sites, for "exceptional" architectural and historical merit. It is the largest WPA-built adobe building in the state.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Moeur Building was built in the late 1930s and is "the largest structure of its kind to be built in Arizona by the labor of the ". The building is made of adobe in the Federal Moderne style, both unusual; it is one of the largest adobe buildings in the state, utilizing 50,000 adobe bricks and dating from an era when the WPA constructed many adobe structures (such as the Casa Grande Union High School gymnasium), while it is the only Federal Moderne building on the campus. The architect was the Arizona firm of Lescher & Mahoney. Many building materials were donated by Arizona firms.</p><br>
<p>The building was named for former governor of Arizona Benjamin Baker Moeur, who died two years before the project was completed. Governor Moeur spent two terms in office and was part of the state&#39;s Constitutional Convention, writing the sections of the Arizona Constitution that pertained to education.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed as a women&#39;s activity center, containing a 6,800 ft2 auditorium/recreation room surrounded by a U-shaped corridor. The corridor features low relief panels on the walls and ceiling in geometric Moderne designs. Two wall murals have since been removed, one by Taliesin student Bruce Richards depicting modern dance and another by John Leeper depicting women in sports and art activities.</p><br>
<p>The building housed administrative offices for the expanding university after the 1960s, and it currently houses the Mars Space Flight Facility, a center for research on Mars.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Moeur Building features ornamental features typical of the Moderne style, with linear designs in low relief. Stylized brick pilasters with fluted capitals add a vertical element to the central bay facade. The building&#39;s footprint is H-shaped, with each wing extending further to the north than the south.</p><br>
<p>Internally, concrete is used for the structure, with the walls infilled with adobe. No other structure in Arizona was built with this method.</p><br>
<p>Somerton Historic District is a national historic district located at Suffolk, Virginia. Prior to annexation in 1974 Somerton was part of now non-existing Nansemond County. The district encompasses 15 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites in the rural village of Somerton in Virginia. The district was a 250 acre 17th century grant to Sir Thomas Jernigan a colonist from Somerleyton in Suffolk County. England. The district includes an 18th-century ordinary, a 19th-century church, and modest dwellings dating from the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries surrounded by large agricultural fields. The buildings are in a variety of popular architectural styles ranging from Federal to Folk Victorian. Notable buildings include the Somerton United Methodist Church and cemetery , Washington Smith Ordinary , and Ellis General Store.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>West End Historic District is a national historic district located at Suffolk, Virginia. The district encompasses 201 contributing buildings and 93 contributing structures in a primarily residential section of the city of Suffolk. The district includes buildings dating from the last decade of the 19th century through the first four decades of the 20th century in a variety of popular architectural styles including Queen Anne and Folk Victorian. The residences were developed to support the growing upper-, middle-, and working-class populations. Notable buildings include the J. C. Causey, Jr. House, Oxford United Methodist Church , and West End Baptist Church .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, with a boundary increase in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Cedar Hill Cemetery, also known as Green Hill Cemetery, is a historic cemetery and national historic district located at Suffolk, Virginia. The district encompasses four contributing structures, one contributing site, and three contributing objects in the a city-owned, 25-acre, public cemetery dating to 1802. Grave markers within the cemetery date from the early 19th century to the present day. This cemetery is a representative example of public cemetery planning and funerary artwork found in southeast Virginia and Suffolk. The contributing structures include the Darden , Hosier, Hill  and Brewer-Godwin mausoleums and the contributing objects include the Confederate Monument  and World War I Monument.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Thomas H. Barnes (1831–1913), member of the Virginia House of Delegates and Virginia Senate</p><br>
<p>Lawrence O&#39;Bryan Branch (1820–1862), Civil War Confederate Brigadier General</p><br>
<p>William Henry Haywood Jr. (1801–1852), US Senator</p><br>
<p>Richard Hines (1792–1851), US Congressman</p><br>
<p>Charles Manly (1795–1871). North Carolina Governor</p><br>
<p>Sion Hart Rogers (1825–1874), US Congressman</p><br>
<p>Absalom Tatom (1742–1802), US Congressman</p><br>
<p>Bay Point Farm, also known as the Bay Point Dairy Farm, the Obici House, and Sleepy Hole Golf Course, is an American historic home and dairy farm located at Suffolk, Virginia. The main house is an irregularly planned Italian Renaissance style house overlooking the Nansemond River. It is a two-story, single-family dwelling, with the original section dated to about 1870. The two end blocks were added in 1925 and have hipped roofs. Associated with the house are the garage, a silo, storage building, large farm building, and small shed. Bay Point Farm was the home of Amedeo Obici, the Planters Nut and Chocolate Company founder. Obici purchased Bay Point Farm in 1924 and remained in Suffolk at Bay Point Farm until his death in 1947.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Weaver Hotel was built in 1905–06 in Waterville, Kansas. The only three-story building in Waterville, it was built by William E. Weaver for his parents. The hotel has operated more or less continuously ever since.</p><br>
<p>The hotel is located at the corner of Kansas and Front Streets. The precast concrete block building is about 90 ft long and 22 ft wide. The stone-textured blocks have been painted white. The flat roof is concealed by a parapet, with a painted wood parapet at the corner. A wood porch extends along the south side, around the rounded corner of the building and halfway down the east side. Restaurant space originally occupied the ground floor, with guest rooms on the upper levels.</p><br>
<p>The Weaver Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 28, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Last Chance Store was built in 1857 along the Santa Fe Trail at Council Grove, Kansas. Located where the trail crossed the Neosho River, it was the last store in the settlement before the river. It was operated by Tom Hill as a trading post, as well as a post office and a polling place. The structure is constructed of local limestone, irregularly course, with a gable room and some quoining at the corners. The building marks a transition from the Frontier style of construction to the Prairie Vernacular style.</p><br>
<p>It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 1971. The store contributes to the National Historic Landmark Council Grove Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Old Albany Schoolhouse is a structure in Nemaha County, Kansas that was used as a school from the time of its construction circa 1866–67 to 1963. The school is one of the last remnants of the town of Albany, which declined after a railroad was built closer to the neighboring town of Sabetha. The school is a two-story rough limestone structure in the Plains Vernacular style. The corners are marked with quoins, and the school is covered by a hipped roof. After brief service as a church the school became the a museum in 1965, and now serves as the centerpiece of the Albany Museum complex. Other buildings include a railroad museum, windmill, caboose, antique automobiles, tractors and a 1950s period farmhouse. s</p><br>
<p>The school was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Nils Ahlstrom House is a nineteenth century Classical Revival house located in Ashland, Oregon. Built in 1888 by Nils Ahlstrom, a railroad worker who had emigrated from Sweden, the home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Nils Ahlstrom House was built for Nils Ahlstrom, then a conductor with the Southern Pacific Railroad. Ahlstrom, who was born in Sweden in 1829, relocated to Ashland, Oregon with his wife, Lavinia, also Swedish.</p><br>
<p>The house was built near the Ashland Depot shortly after the railroad that connected Ashland to Portland, Oregon, and northern California was completed in December 1887. The structure housed Ahlstrom&#39;s family, though five of his children died during a diphtheria outbreak. Ahlstrom died in May 1902 and his wife in 1920. Ownership then passed to one of their children. Currently the house remains privately owned.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The classical revival structure was raised by John Fruhan, then a local workman. The building is T-shaped, incorporating a rectangular main structure and an additional wing towards the back.</p><br>
<p>The two-story structure rests on a stone foundation and has a hipped roof. There are four double-hung sash windows towards the front. Decorative moldings line the tops of the windows and the door frames. On the inside the main rectangular structure hosts four rooms downstairs with a kitchen and pantry located on the lower level in the wing section. Upstairs are five bedrooms, one of which is located, along with a bath and the staircase that leads from below, in the wing. The house also boasts two chimneys.</p><br>
<p>The house, which was entered on the National Register of Historic Places, also forms part of the Ashland Railroad Addition Historic District. The Ahlstrom house represents the type of structures common among railroad workers during the era just after the completion of the railroad. It was one of the first such structures to be built in Ashland during that period.</p><br>
<p>Matthews Hall is a building on the Tempe campus of Arizona State University. Built in 1918, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Matthews Hall is the oldest intact dormitory on the ASU campus. It was designed by L.G. Knipe and dedicated in 1920 as a men&#39;s dormitory. It was named for the president of the Tempe Normal School, Dr. Arthur John Matthews.</p><br>
<p>By 1930, it was a womens dormitory, and when the new library on campus was named the Matthews Library in honor of Dr. Matthewss 30 years as president, the dormitory was renamed Carrie Matthews Hall for the president&#39;s wife. (The library became known as Matthews Center upon its conversion in the 1960s.)</p><br>
<p>The building currently houses a photography gallery and offices for the Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts. It is also home to the ASU Forensics (Speech & Debate) team.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Matthews Hall is a symmetrical, elongated two-story building with telescoping side wings and sleeping porch bays. The building has a concrete foundation with buff brick facing; the interiors feature wood detailing.</p><br>
<p>The building has extensive Prairie School architectural styling, seen in the building&#39;s massing and details, such as broad wooden cornices, Union Jack vent covers, and grouped double-hung windows. The original stairway and living room fireplace remain in the interior.</p><br>
<p>The building also demonstrates an attempt to acclimate the building to the Arizona climate. Sleeping spaces project out from the main building to capture nighttime breezes.</p><br>
<p>Some modifications have been made; the sleeping porches have been converted to offices, while modern exit stairs have been added and windows were filled in.</p><br>
<p>The Presidents House is a building on the Tempe campus of Arizona State University. It was built in 1907 to serve as the lodgings for the president of what was then known as the Tempe Normal School. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 and currently houses the Virginia G. Piper Center for Creative Writing, known as the writers house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Presidents House was constructed in 1907 to house the university president, and two of the universitys most famous presidents lived there: Dr. Arthur Matthews held the title from 1900 to 1930, while Grady Gammage was the university president from 1933 until 1959. These two presidents shaped the institution, and under Gammage, what was once a normal school became Arizona State University.</p><br>
<p>After 1959, upon Gammage&#39;s death, the building was no longer used as the home of the president. It was occupied by the Alumni House, alumni offices, and later by the University Archives, and it currently houses the Virginia G. Piper Center for Creative Writing.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Presidents House was the last known design from territorial architect James M. Creighton, who designed the now-demolished original Normal School buildings. It is also Creightons lone surviving structure on campus.</p><br>
<p>The building is a two-story Western Colonial brick building with a copper shingle roof. The main house features a two-story bay window on the west and a two-story bay with fireplace on the east. The hipped roof features projecting gables and boxed eaves, while the double-hung windows have segmental arches.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, a bath and two rooms were added to the northwest corner; in 1937, the front porch was enclosed with casement windows.</p><br>
<p>Restoration work that concluded in 2005 restored the building to its original appearance, including the porch, brick exterior and roof. Most interior finishes are original, with minor accommodations to meet the standards of the Americans with Disabilities Act.</p><br>
<p>The Security Building is a building in downtown Phoenix, Arizona, completed in 1928 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Security Building was constructed for the Security Improvement Company, whose President was prominent Phoenix realtor Dwight B. Heard. From 1897 until his 1929 death, Heard was one of the most powerful men in the state, owning an investment company, a cattle company, and the Arizona Republican newspaper. The building would serve as a headquarters for produce growers and law firms over the years.</p><br>
<p>In 1958, the ninth-floor penthouse apartment was added, serving as the home of Walter R. Bimson, the chairman of the successful Valley National Bank of Arizona.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, Maricopa County acquired the property, and historical renovations began in 2005 to restore the building. The Security Building currently houses county offices; the Arizona State University Phoenix Urban Research Laboratory occupied the former penthouse until May 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by Curlett & Beelman, with regional contractors Edwards, Wildey and Dixon constructing the building. The Security Building is an example of Second Renaissance Revival architecture, using copper and hand-molded bricks. The structure uses reinforced concrete, while the interior includes marble floors and walls, as well as brass elevator doors.</p><br>
<p>Phillips Farm, also known as Percy-Pitt Farm, is a historic home located at Suffolk, Virginia. The farm house was built about 1820, and is a 30-feet square, -story, frame house. It has an English basement, gable roof, and features clerestory dormer windows. In 1848, a 13 feet by 30 feet addition was added to the west of the original structure. It is one of a few regional examples of a building commonly called a clerestory house or a clerestory dormer house.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>East Suffolk Complex is a historic school complex for African-American students located at Suffolk, Virginia. The complex consists of the East Suffolk Elementary School , East Suffolk High School , and the Gymnasium building .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The East Suffolk Elementary School, built as a Rosenwald School, is a one-story, Colonial Revival style, brick school with a central auditorium flanked by classrooms. The East Suffolk High School is a Colonial Revival style, one-story brick building with a double-loaded corridor plan, and eight classrooms. It was built with Public Works Administration funds. A cafeteria wing was added in 1952. The Gymnasium is a concrete block building with applied 5-course American bond brick veneer. The complex closed in 1979. The complex is now a public recreation center.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Davis&#39; Mills Battle Site is the historic site of an American Civil War conflict that took place on December 21, 1862. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 2, 1973. It is located off Mississippi Hwy 7 in what is now Michigan City, Mississippi in Benton County, Mississippi.</p><br>
<p>The cavalry of the Confederate Army under Major General Earl Van Dorn attacked a Federal garrison commanded by W.H. Morgan at the Davis&#39; Mills the site on December 21, 1862. The small settlement included houses, a flour mill, and a saw mill on the north bank of the Wolf River near a Mississippi Central Railroad wooden trestle crossing. An Indian mound was used by Federal troops as a fortification. A tree on the site was carved with names, dates, initials, and regimental information by some of the soldiers.</p><br>
<p>Okolona College, was a college for African Americans in Okolona, Mississippi, Chickasaw County, Mississippi. The school is located on Mississippi Highway 245 1.1 miles north of the junction with Mississippi Highway 32 and Mississippi Highway 41. It was also known as Okolona Industrial School, and Okolona Normal and Industrial School.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 9, 2002. It is part of The Okolona College Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school was founded in 1902 by Wallace A. Battle and closed its doors in 1965, when the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 resulted in the shift of African-Americans to public education. Four campus buildings survive: Abbott Hall, McDougall Hall, the Vocational Agriculture Building and the T. D. Bratton Memorial Dormitory. A gazebo and the ruins of a dormitory also survive. Brick piers marks the three campus entrances and a neon sign marked the north entrance.</p><br>
<p>Abbott Hall was built c. 1929&ndash;1930 and is a one-story brick and stucco building with seven bays and a side-gabled roof. It contained four classrooms, the school presidents office a reception room, and registrars office.</p><br>
<p>McDougatt Hall dates to c. 1931 and is a two-story painted brick building. The buildings first floor contained a chapel and the chaplains office as well as space for the business manager and dean. The second floor was used for the nurse&#39;s office and health department, science department, economics department and a guest room.</p><br>
<p>Bratton Memorial Dormitory, also known as Bratton Hall, was built c. 1950s is a brick building with two wings. It was a womens dormitory and housed the schools laundry facilities and cafeteria.</p><br>
<p>The Vocational Agriculture Building was built c. 1950 and is a one-story brick building with gabled portico over brick columns. It was built on the site of the Robert Patton Library and Old Okolona Hall which burned sometime after 1945.</p><br>
<p>The dormitory building was constructed c. 1950 and is a one-story brick structure.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>William Raspberry, nationally syndicated columnist.</p><br>
<p>Effie T. Battle, poet, Okolona College president.</p><br>
<p>Jefferson Davis County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse built in 1907 in Prentiss, Mississippi, the county seat of Jefferson Davis County. The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 10, 1994. It is located at the junction of North Columbia Avenue and 3rd Street.</p><br>
<p>The building is brick and was designed in a Neoclassical architecture style. A jail was added to its southwest corner in 1985. It was designed by W.S. Hull of Jackson, Mississippi. He designed many other courthouses in Mississippi, Louisiana and Alabama. Until 1903, his county courthouse designs were Richardsonian Romanesque.</p><br>
<p>The Tallahatchie County Second District Courthouse is located in Sumner, Mississippi, in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi. The county courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 6, 2007. It is located at 108 Main Street. The two-story brick courthouse building was constructed in 1910 in a Richardsonian Romanesque architecture style with a four-story tower on one corner. It was the site of the September 1955 Emmett Till murder trial. It has been restored to its appearance at the time of the trial, "to house a museum dedicated to the memory of the events surrounding Emmett Till&#39;s murder and trial. The project was expanded to focus on all the sites associated with the events. A driving tour has been developed and marked." As of 2018 there is no museum in the Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The Emmett Till Interpretive Center is across the street from the Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The Courthouse was designated as part of Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument on July 25, 2023.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Tower Mining, Manufacturing and Transportation Company Site is a 23 acre industrial site located in Devils Backbone Park in Grand Tower, Illinois. The site was operated by the Grand Tower Mining, Manufacturing and Transportation Company, a mining and industrial company which operated in Illinois in the 1860s and 1870s. The furnaces at the site were used to produce coke, a fuel produced from the coal used in iron smelting. The coke produced at the site was likely shipped to an iron furnace 1 mi south of the site. The site also includes the remains of the superintendents house; a local legend claims that the house is haunted by the superintendent&#39;s daughter.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Cornelius Hennessy Building is a historic commercial building located at 1023 Chestnut St. in Murphysboro, Illinois. The building was constructed in 1896 for merchant Cornelius Hennessy, who operated a grocery store in the building. The two-story Richardsonian Romanesque building uses rough cut, locally quarried sandstone for its front facade; the remainder of the building was built with brick. A square parapet wall tops the building; the wall features four pinnacles and "1896" engraved in the middle. The first floor of the building has a cast iron storefront made by the local J. W. Lewis Foundry and Machine Shop.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 8, 2000.</p><br>
<p>The West Walnut Street Historic District is a residential historic district centered on part of West Walnut Street in Carbondale, Illinois. The district includes 54 houses; 48 of these are considered contributing buildings due to being built prior to 1929. During this time period, the Walnut Street area was regarded as the most desirable part of Carbondale. Several popular architectural styles of the period are represented in the district, including Italianate, Queen Anne, and Colonial Revival. The oldest home in the district, which was built in 1859, is a plain frame building. The 1868–69 Italianate house at 505 West Walnut was the home of Robert Allyn, the first president of Southern Illinois University; Allyn, who bought the house in 1879, added the house&#39;s mansard roof, the only one in Carbondale.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Cleiman Mound and Village Site is a prehistoric archaeological site located near the Mississippi River in Jackson County, Illinois. The site includes an intact burial mound and the remains of a village site. The village was inhabited by a number of prehistoric cultures during the Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian periods; settlement at the site began prior to 400 B.C. and lasted through 1300 A.D. The mound was built during the Middle Woodland Period by Hopewellian peoples and is likely the only Hopewell mound in the Mississippi Valley in Southern Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 18, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Riverside Park Bandshell is a bandshell located in Riverside Park in Murphysboro, Illinois. The concrete bandshell was built in 1938–39 by the Works Progress Administration and the Murphysboro Park District. Riverside Park was opened in 1907; it was originally known as Buster Brown Park, as it was initially owned by the Brown Shoe Company. The park began hosting Murphysboros annual 4th of July celebration in 1927, and the bandshell became part of the days events as soon as it opened. The bandshell&#39;s inaugural concert occurred on July 4, 1939, and received an audience of 45,000; since then, the bandshell has hosted the opening concert for the celebrations each year. The bandshell has also hosted annual music festivals highlighting jazz, blues, and bluegrass musicians and provides a stage for other community events in the park.</p><br>
<p>The bandshell was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 6, 2012.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect Rudolph Zerses Gill.</p><br>
<p>Hutzlers Barn is an agricultural building located north of the cemetery on South Manitou Island . It is the oldest remaining portion of George Johann Hutzlers homestead, and is significant for its role in the development of prize-winning Rosen rye and Michelite seeds. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George Johann Hutzler was born in about 1815 and lived in the small village near Kirchensittenbach, Bavaria. In 1853, he and his wife Margaretha, along with their children, emigrated for America. They arrived in early 1854, and immediately traveled to Buffalo, New York, to join Hutzler&#39;s half-brother, George Conrad Hutzler. George Johann found work as a sailor on the steamer Iowa (likely following in the footsteps of his half-brother). He soon went to work, likely part-time, for Burton, Lord & Co. on South Manitou Island, supplying wood to steamers. At some point in the late 1850s or (more likely) in 1860, George Johann Hutzler moved his wife and family from Buffalo to South Manitou Island.</p><br>
<p>In 1863, Hutzler staked a claim to 160 acres of land on the island; he was the first farmer to stake a claim on the island. George Johann Hutzler died in 1890 and was buried on the farm. His son John (born on the island in 1865) took over ownership of the farm; Margaretha stayed there until 1901 when she moved to Chicago. John married Bertha Peth in 1893; the couple had one child in 1899 who died in 1901. John and Bertha soon divorced, but apparently got along amicably when living apart.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, researchers from Michigan Agricultural College (now Michigan State University) chose South Manitou Island to work on experimental hybridization of rye plants, due primarily to its isolation from other rye crops which prevented accidental cross-pollination. Many of the island farmers, including John Hutzler, participated in experimental hybridization of crops, including prize-winning the Rosen rye and Michelite pea beans that were once significant field crops in Michigan.</p><br>
<p>However, during the Great Depression, transportation on the Great Lakes declined, and South Manitou Island farmer had a more difficult time getting their crops to market; even the experimental farming that many farm families, including the Hutzlers, engaged in could not sustain the farms on the island. As a result, families began leaving in the 1940s. John Hutzler died in 1944. After his death, development groups purchased many of the farms on the island. However, development activities never materialized. In the 1970s, the National Park Service purchased the Hutzler farm (along with other South Manitou Island properties) from Martin J. McCarthy, and took over management as part of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Hutzler&#39;s Barn is located in a clearing along with the Hutzler farmhouse and other outbuildings in various states of repair. the barn is a -story frame, gable-roof swine barn, measuring 16 ft by 30 ft, sitting on 16-inch-square wooden beams. The upper level was used to store hay, while the lower level was used to house pigs. The walls are constructed from weathered wood with the front gable roof covered with tar paper. The interior of the barn is partitioned into three sections, each with its own entrance.</p><br>
<p>The George Conrad Hutzler Farm, also known as the Conrad Hutzler Farm, is a historic farmstead located on South Manitou Island in Lake Michigan. One of the farm&#39;s owners, George Conrad Hutzler, Jr., was the first to experiment with hybridization of Rosen rye and Michelite pea beans; within 20 years of his experimentation, 80% of the pea bean crop in the United States was descended from Michelite seeds grown on South Manitou Island. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George Conrad Hutzler was born in about 1822 and lived in the small village of near Kirchensittenbach, Bavaria. In 1845, he emigrated for America along with his wife Magdalena and their son. George Conrad Hutzler likely worked as a sailor on the Great Lakes. In 1854 his half-brother George Johann Hutzler arrived from Germany and also settled in Buffalo. George Johann Hutzler and his family later moved to South Manitou Island, likely in 1860, and George Conrad Hutzler followed in about 1868. In 1870, he staked a claim to this farm near his half-brother.</p><br>
<p>George Conrad Hutzler died in 1896 and was buried on the farm. His son George Conrad Jr.(born on the island in 1872) took over ownership of the farm. George Conrad Jr. and his son Lewis ran the farm for a number of years. In the 1920s, researchers from Michigan Agricultural College (now Michigan State University) chose South Manitou Island to work on experimental hybridization of rye plants, due primarily to its isolation from other rye crops which prevented accidental cross-pollination. The Hutzlers were notable partners in the effort, and won a number of awards for the varieties of Rosen Rye and the Michilite pea bean that they developed.</p><br>
<p>However, during the Great Depression, transportation on the Great Lakes declined, and South Manitou Island farmers had a more difficult time getting their crops to market; even the experimental farming that many farm families, including the Hutzlers, engaged in could not sustain the farms on the island. Louis Hutzler eventually married and moved to Hastings, Michigan. George Conrad Hutzler Jr. died on the farm in 1951 and is buried there.</p><br>
<p>After George Conrad Hutzler Jr.&#39;s death, a development group headed by William Boals purchased the farm from his son. They rented the farm to the Riker family. However, development activities never materialized, and in 1970 Boals sold the property to the National Park Service. The Rikers, by then the last active farm family on the island, were asked to relocate, and the farm (and other properties on South Manitou Island) were included as part of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The George Conrad Hutzler Farm is located on 160 acre near the center of the island. The farm contains a house, barn, five sheds, a chicken coop, and a granary surrounded by old fields.</p><br>
<p>The George Conrad Hutzler house is a -story wood-frame structure with clapboard siding on a concrete foundation. The house has a gable roof covered in hexagonal slate tiles. The main section measures 30 ft by 30 ft, and a small shed-roof addition is built on one side.</p><br>
<p>The associated barn is a gable-roofed structure on a wooden foundation. It is clad with vertical board siding and roofed with wooden shingles. It measures 58 ft by 36 ft and has a pair of large double wooden doors on one side.</p><br>
<p>The five sheds are all gable roofed wooden structures. They are:</p><br>
<p>Two-story 18 ft by 20 ft structure with wooden shingles and board-and-batten siding.</p><br>
<p>One-story 18 ft by 10 ft structure with an asphalt roof and tarpaper siding.</p><br>
<p>One-story 4 ft by 16 ft structure with wooden shingles and horizontal board siding.</p><br>
<p>One-story 39 ft by 21 ft structure asphalt shingles and horizontal board siding.</p><br>
<p>One-story 10 ft by 16 ft structure with wooden shingles and horizontal board siding.</p><br>
<p>The chicken coop consists of two connected structures. The larger structure measures 10 ft by 22 ft, with an asphalt-covered shed roof and vertical board siding on a wood foundation. The smaller part measures 10 ft by 13 ft, with an asphalt-covered gable roof and vertical board siding on a wood foundation.</p><br>
<p>The granary is a -story wood-frame structure measuring 18 ft by 20 ft, with a small one-story shed attached to the rear. It has a wood foundation and is covered by a gable roof with wood shingles. A corn crib is on one side.</p><br>
<p>Nansemond County Training School , also known as Southwestern High School, is a historic building and former Rosenwald School for African-American students located at Suffolk, Virginia, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1924, and is a one-story building consisting of a central block with a recessed covered porch and flanking wings. It is capped with a tin hipped roof. Also on the property is the contributing cafeteria building that was later used as an extra classroom.</p><br>
<p>It was built to house the first public black high school in Nansemond County, Virginia, and included both the primary and secondary grades. The school closed following the 1969–70 school year.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Liberty Theater is a historic movie theater located at 1333 Walnut St. in Murphysboro, Illinois. Built in 1913 as the Tilford Theatre, the theater was one of the first five movie theaters in Murphysboro. The theaters name was changed in 1918 during a wave of patriotism inspired by World War I. In 1938, the theater was remodeled in the Art Deco style. During the remodeling, the theaters neon marquee was installed and the building&#39;s exterior walls were faced with black vitrolite. The theater continued to show films until 1998 and was the last of the original five theaters to close. After a renovation in 2002, the theater was reopened by a not-for-profit group; it currently hosts community events and is available for rent.</p><br>
<p>The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 13, 2012.</p><br>
<p>Joel E. Harrell and Son is a historic pork processing factory complex located at Suffolk, Virginia. It was built in 1941, and consists of the office building and the main building. The office building is a one-story, seven bay by six bay, brick building. The main building was constructed to house all phases of the production process, including the slaughterhouse, curing rooms, and coolers. It is a one-story, brick building enlarged in 1946, 1955, and the 1970s. The main building was damaged by fire in 2005. The complex is representative of a small family-based pork processing facility.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Weblin House is a historic home located at Virginia Beach, Virginia. It was built in 1653, and is a -story, three-bay, Colonial era vernacular brick farmhouse. It is topped by a gambrel roof  and has two massive exterior-end chimneys with a T-shaped stack and cap. A modern two-story brick wing is attached to the south end.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Jerome Elementary School No. 22 is a historic school building on North Louisiana Boulevard in Jerome, Arkansas. The single-story brick building was constructed in 1930, at a time when Jerome was a thriving logging and farming town. It was used as a school until 1950, when Jeromes schools were consolidated with nearby Dermott. It sat vacant and deteriorating until it was sold in 1970 to a citizens group, which rehabilitated the building for other civic purposes.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>de Witt Cottage, also known as Holland Cottage and Wittenzand, is a historic home located at Virginia Beach, Virginia. It was built in 1895, and is a two-story, L-shaped oceanfront brick cottage surrounded on three sides by a one-story porch. It has Queen Anne style decorative detailing. It has a full basement and hipped roof with dormers. A second floor was added to the kitchen wing in 1917. The de Witt family continuously occupied the house as a permanent residence from 1909 to 1988.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Museum</h2><br>
<p>Since 1995 the cottage has been home to the Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Museum. The museum displays include bird decoys, bird art and sculptures, vintage shotguns, hunting memorabilia, and a pictorial history of Virginia Beach.</p><br>
<p>Dr. John Miller-Masury House, also known as Lakeside , Crystal Club , and Greystone Manor , is a historic home located at Virginia Beach, Virginia. It was built in 1906–1908, and is a -story, five-bay, L-shaped stone-and-slate dwelling. It is covered by two hipped roofs with dormers, which intersect at a three-story castellated tower. It has a one-story, deep, wraparound porch. From 1936 to 1939, the building housed the Crystal Club, a gambling casino and nightclub.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Shirley Hall, also known as Devereaux House, is a historic home located at Virginia Beach, Virginia. It was built in 1940, and is a two-story, five-bay, Georgian Revival style brick dwelling. The main block is covered by a hipped roof with balustrade. A gambrel roofed service wing connects the main block to a hipped roofed garage. The interior features an entrance hall with an original Virginia staircase, removed from the Hunter House in Princess Anne County . The house is set in a park like setting among mature hardwood trees and American hollies.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Hermitage, also known as Devereaux House, is a historic home located at Virginia Beach, Virginia. The original section was built about 1700, with two later additions. It is a -story, four-bay, Colonial era frame dwelling. The second portion was constructed by about 1820, doubling the size of the dwelling, and the final portion was added in 1940. Also on the property are three outbuildings, as well as a large subterranean brick cistern, now part of the basement to the house.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Located across the inlet from the Thoroughgood House, the Hermitage is a one-and-a-half story farm house constructed in 3 separate periods. The first elements of the first portion can be dated to approximately 1699 as a part of Adam Thoroughgood&#39;s "Grand Patent." From then, construction halted on the land until ca. 1820 when the size of the house doubled. Finally, in 1940, the final portion was added, including a kitchen and plumbing.</p><br>
<p>On the property, there were three outbuildings including a large underground cistern which now serve as a basement. Frazier Associates completed these outbuildings in 1992 which are the only antebellum outbuildings surviving in Virginia Beach. The property was a farm up until the mid-1950s when it&#39;s property served as a base for the urban development of the neighborhood of Thoroughgood and is one of the few examples of colonial architecture in Virginia Beach.</p><br>
<h3>Site</h3><br>
<p>The Hermitage, located about 50 yards from the northeastern end of Thoroughgood Cove, is a single dwelling accompanied by three outbuildings that was sold by a James Collier in 1954 along with Thoroughgood and Bayville farms to develop the neighborhood of Thoroughgood, the first development in Virginia Beach.</p><br>
<p>The Hermitage&#39;s original property used to extend one-and-a-half miles west to Pleasure House Road until the development of the property. The road that connected The Hermitage to Pleasure House Road was lined with lilacs and cedar trees. Today, there is evidence of this with the high number of cedar trees in the neighborhood of Thoroughgood. On the property, there are large numbers of walnut and cedar trees as well as a great dogwood tree.</p><br>
<p>Briarwood, also known as Bingham House, is a historic home located at Virginia Beach, Virginia. It was built in 1932, and is a two-story, 6,000 square foot, Tudor Revival style brick dwelling. It features steeply pitched gabled and hipped roof elements clad in historic slate shingles as well as three corbelled brick chimneys.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Ridgeway Hotel Historic District encompasses three buildings located just east of the town square of Monticello, Arkansas. The centerpiece of the district is the Ridgeway Hotel, a five-story brick building built in 1930; it is the tallest, and one of the most elaborately decorated buildings in Monticello&#39;s central business district. The district also includes 202 East Gaines Street  and the H.M. Wilson Building.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009; in 2011 the three buildings were converted into a combined senior center and housing complex.</p><br>
<p>The Veasey-DeArmond House is a historic house on Arkansas Highway 81, south of Monticello, Arkansas, near Lacey. It is one of the county&#39;s finest vernacular Greek Revival houses. The single-story wood-frame house was built in the 1850s on land granted to Abner Veasey by President James Buchanan, and follows a roughly Georgian-style center hall plan with parlor. The front entry is framed by sidelight windows, with a transom above, and pilasters flanking the windows.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Crompton-Shenandoah Plant, also known as The Mill at South River, is a historic textile factory complex located at Waynesboro, Virginia. The complex includes 11 contributing buildings and 8 contributing structures involved in the dyeing and finishing of the gray corduroy and velveteen goods. The historic buildings and structures were built beginning in 1926 through 1948. The complex includes two plant buildings, a machine shop/supply storage building, a former enameling plant, a boiler house, a water softener building, a chemical storage building, a lab, a gate house/personnel office, an office building and a retail store. The factory closed in the 1980s along with most Crompton Corporation plants.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>General Electric Specialty Control Plant is a 115 acre historic factory complex located in Waynesboro, Virginia. The complex includes three contributing buildings, one contributing site , and two contributing structures. The historic buildings and structures are a 340,000-square-foot main plant building , the original water tower, water tank, a group of evolved and interconnected construction sheds built from 1953 to the present, and an airplane hangar . The property, a former airport, was acquired by General Electric in 1953. The Waynesboro plant was one of some 120 individual operating departments created as part of a decentralization effort by the General Electric Corporation. The Specialty Control Plant was responsible for the development of breakthrough technologies in areas ranging from America&#39;s military efforts to space travel to computer technology. The facility was sold to GENICOM on October 21, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The property was originally on General Electric Drive. After the GENICOM sale, it was renamed GENICOM Drive. In 1994, GENICOM internally reorganized into two separate companies: Enterprising Solutions Services Company (ESSC) and Document Solutions Company (GENICOM). The road north of Hopeman Parkway was renamed Solutions Way while the southern part remained GENICOM Drive at the request of property owners in that area.</p><br>
<p>In 2000, GENICOM entered bankruptcy and the building was sold to the newly formed Solutions Way Management. The substantially downsized GENICOM operated as a tenant through its 2003 merger that formed TallyGenicom until a further bankruptcy and dissolution in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Solutions Way Management rents much of the facility to companies for light manufacturing, warehousing and distribution.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1950s the General Electric Company was a highly centralized operation with six major manufacturing "works", as they were called. They were located in Schenectady, New York; Pittsfield, Massachusetts; Lynn, Massachusetts; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Erie, Pennsylvania; and Ft. Wayne, Indiana. At that time, under Ralph Cordiner&#39;s presidency, a major decentralization occurred whereby larger business groups were divided into individual operating departments, with new plants built in many different locations across the country.</p><br>
<p>The previous Industrial Control Division, located in Schenectady, New York,</p><br>
<p>was subdivided into four such departments, each of the first three</p><br>
<p>with a common product line sufficient for efficient and viable</p><br>
<p>operation as separate entities. The Industry Control Department,</p><br>
<p>building control systems for large industry such as cranes, steel,</p><br>
<p>paper, marine and submarine panels, and similar segments of industry,</p><br>
<p>was located in Salem, Virginia. The General Purpose Control Department,</p><br>
<p>building smaller control components such as relays and contractors for</p><br>
<p>general industrial applications, was located in Bloomington, Illinois. The</p><br>
<p>Appliance Control Department, building control systems for the</p><br>
<p>company&#39;s consumer products; i.e., refrigerators, oil burners, and</p><br>
<p>small switching devices, was located in Morrison, Illinois. The Specialty</p><br>
<p>Control Department came to Waynesboro, Virginia, bringing the remaining</p><br>
<p>heterogeneous components of the original Control Division, no one of</p><br>
<p>which could survive as a separate entity as could the first three.</p><br>
<h2>Expansion</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>In 1953, GE purchased the old, no longer used, Waynesboro airport,</p><br>
<p>consisting of 75 acres of land located just west of the Norfolk &Western Railroad and north of what was to become Hopeman Parkway—43 of them improved with the plant, parking lots, and finished</p><br>
<p>grounds. Construction of the new plant began, and by the summer of</p><br>
<p>1954 had reached a point where production of photoelectric devices</p><br>
<p>was begun with the relocation of supervisory personnel from</p><br>
<p>Schenectady, and the hiring of approximately 10 women from the local area.</p><br>
<h3>Planning</h3><br>
<p>The original planning group that moved to Waynesboro from Schenectady</p><br>
<p>in 1954 included:</p><br>
<p>Dr. L. T. Rader, General Manager</p><br>
<p>Maggy Fitzgibbons, Secretary to Mr. Rader</p><br>
<p>Ernie Hutton, Engineering</p><br>
<p>Charles Hughes, Purchasing</p><br>
<p>Cyril Lee, Planning</p><br>
<p>Joe Ponzillo, Manufacturing</p><br>
<p>Fred Curto, Buildings and Grounds</p><br>
<p>Bill Walker, Laboratory</p><br>
<p>This group became the operating committee to oversee the subsequent</p><br>
<p>startup and transfer of personnel to Waynesboro.</p><br>
<h3>1954 - Operations Begin</h3><br>
<p>In its first full year of operation, the new department hired 400</p><br>
<p>factory people, who, for the most part, had never had an industrial</p><br>
<p>job before. For many it was their first job ever.</p><br>
<p>Waynesboro and the surrounding area experienced a major building boom</p><br>
<p>in 1955 as over 140 GE families began relocating to work in the new</p><br>
<p>facility. The old apple orchard west of the city, principally the</p><br>
<p>Cortland Street area, rapidly filled with new homes. Similarly, Club</p><br>
<p>Court became another haven for new arrivals. Others filled many</p><br>
<p>vacant lots, not only in Waynesboro, but Augusta County as well. The</p><br>
<p>local families graciously welcomed the newcomers from the north, and</p><br>
<p>helped to facilitate a smooth transition and assimilation into their</p><br>
<p>new home. Over the next few years there were many new churches built</p><br>
<p>to accommodate an expanding membership, a new hospital was built to</p><br>
<p>replace a sorely out-moded facility on West Main Street, and shopping</p><br>
<p>in the area underwent a major overhaul.</p><br>
<h3>Area employment</h3><br>
<p>Considering the years of operation and the peak employment of 3200</p><br>
<p>during the late 1970s when GE was rivaling Dupont as the largest</p><br>
<p>employer in the area, the total number of employees to pass through</p><br>
<p>the Waynesboro works may well match the entire population of the</p><br>
<p>city. Many came and found their life&#39;s career. Others moved on</p><br>
<p>through while seeking the end of their rainbow while still others,</p><br>
<p>growing weary of the structured working environment, returned to</p><br>
<p>their agrarian roots.</p><br>
<h3>Infrastructure Renovations</h3><br>
<p>The original entrance to the new plant was a narrow lane across the</p><br>
<p>railroad at the north end of the property, and from US 340, the old</p><br>
<p>entrance to the airport. GE had insisted that a bridge be constructed</p><br>
<p>over the railroad to remove the safety hazard of many vehicles</p><br>
<p>crossing the railroad each day, and this was accomplished within two years.</p><br>
<h3>Product variety</h3><br>
<p>The variety of products that was produced at the new location was as</p><br>
<p>extensive as it was varied. Such variety attests to the incredible</p><br>
<p>breadth and degree of technical and application expertise that</p><br>
<p>existed throughout the first 20 years. At least one person on the</p><br>
<p>staff was knowledgeable about practically every scientific phenomenon</p><br>
<p>except medicine and genetics. A partial list included:</p><br>
<p>Hermetically sealed relays primarily for aerospace and military applications</p><br>
<p>Numerical Control Systems for machine tools, with input from tracers, punched tape, punched cards, magnetic tape, and digital switches. Ultimately, some were computer directed.</p><br>
<p>Thy-Mo-Trol and Statotrol adjustable speed drives for the white print industry, winding/loop control, and many others where regulated, but adjustable, speed was required</p><br>
<p>Regulators and static exciters for electrical power generation systems</p><br>
<p>Photoelectric devices for a wide range of applications, including pinhole detectors, register controls, speed, and loop controls</p><br>
<p>The marketing of selsyns (manufactured in Ft. Wayne) for remote indication and control</p><br>
<p>Hot-box detectors for detecting over-heated bearings on railroad cars</p><br>
<p>Aircraft and military products, (mostly at 400 Hz) including airborne protective panels, static exciters, regulators, military ground power supplies, regulators (navy) and amplidyne regulators, and, the power supply for the Lunar Excursion Module of the early moon probe.</p><br>
<p>Machinery Automation systems that included weighing systems, test and inspection systems, and automated material control systems</p><br>
<p>Width (thickness) gages for sheet steel using nuclear radiation.</p><br>
<p>This diversity had a positive effect as the department was in a</p><br>
<p>better position to weather the ups and downs of the normal business</p><br>
<p>cycles that occurred over the years, requiring fewer layoffs and</p><br>
<p>having a leveling effect on GEs and the local areas economic</p><br>
<p>stability, than that which occurred elsewhere. The Specialty Control Department was the only GE component that had turned a profit in the first year of its move.</p><br>
<h3>1958 - State Resistance to Racial Integration</h3><br>
<p>In 1958, a major crisis occurred when Sen. Harry Byrd, who controlled</p><br>
<p>the politics in Virginia, launched a program of massive resistance to</p><br>
<p>the integration of blacks and whites, with the result that most</p><br>
<p>public schools in Virginia were closed. Because 10,000 children had</p><br>
<p>no means of public education, private schools began to be formed.</p><br>
<p>Specialty Control felt that this was an issue that should be</p><br>
<p>addressed, and after discussion with GE management most likely to be</p><br>
<p>affected, Specialty Control became the GE spokesman for the effort.</p><br>
<p>An association was formed in northern Virginia and Dr. Rader,</p><br>
<p>representing the GE plants in Virginia, joined the organization. He</p><br>
<p>gave many talks on the subject, mainly in northern Virginia, and his</p><br>
<p>main point was that if the State continued with this policy, no</p><br>
<p>Fortune 500 Company would locate in Virginia. It had a positive</p><br>
<p>effect on the issue. It may not have been just a rumor that Dr. Rader</p><br>
<p>threatened to remove the General Electric presence from Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Feelings ran very high on the subject of school closings.</p><br>
<p>The governor appointed a legislative committee to study the matter,</p><br>
<p>and they recommended that the State cease its resistance. The</p><br>
<p>recommendation was put to a vote in the Virginia Assembly and it</p><br>
<p>passed by one vote. This was the first time that the GE presence in</p><br>
<p>Virginia took an active part in the State&#39;s political activity.</p><br>
<h3>1960: major expansion</h3><br>
<p>In 1960, a major expansion took place, adding both office and</p><br>
<p>manufacturing space plus a new auditorium and cafeteria to the</p><br>
<p>growing facility. It also included the addition of a "white room" for</p><br>
<p>the assembly of critical hermetically sealed relays.</p><br>
<p>The Waynesboro GE plant grew and prospered with many new</p><br>
<p>developments. Within the first decade of their arrival, existing</p><br>
<p>products expanded and by the late1960&#39;s a new product line known as</p><br>
<p>Terminet came into being. A special development team under Kirk</p><br>
<p>Snell, with John Larew, Seymour Depew and others, temporarily took</p><br>
<p>over a small facility (formerly an independent used car agency) in</p><br>
<p>Fishersville to develop the new product, utilizing solid-state</p><br>
<p>technology and printed circuit boards, thus offering a line of</p><br>
<p>printer terminals for the computer and business data field dominated</p><br>
<p>primarily by Teletype. Of the 25 or so employees in that group, only</p><br>
<p>one, Paul Morris, is still working in the local printer works. The</p><br>
<p>belt printer technology they developed was so viable that it was</p><br>
<p>shipped in printers for nearly 20 years.</p><br>
<h3>Early 1970s: Division of the Specialty Control Department</h3><br>
<p>In the early 1970s, the original Specialty Control Department was</p><br>
<p>divided into two separate departments with the growing numerical</p><br>
<p>control group becoming the Numerical Equipment Control Department.</p><br>
<p>Joe Ponzillo and Warren Kindt headed these departments as General</p><br>
<p>Managers, respectively.</p><br>
<p>From the beginning of operations in Waynesboro, the Specialty</p><br>
<p>Control Department had five general managers: Dr. Louis T. Rader, who</p><br>
<p>later became Vice President of the Division. Dr. John Hutton</p><br>
<p>succeeded Dr. Rader, followed by Paul Ross. Joe Ponzillo and Warren</p><br>
<p>Kindt were each general managers of Specialty Control, having changed</p><br>
<p>positions after the formation of the Numerical Equipment Control Department.</p><br>
<h3>1979 - Move from Waynesboro to Charlottesville</h3><br>
<p>By 1979, GE-Waynesboro was bulging at the seams. This resulted in the</p><br>
<p>transfer of the Numerical Equipment Control Department into a new</p><br>
<p>facility north of Charlottesville, Virginia, where it became a part of the</p><br>
<p>Manufacturing Automation Systems Division and now partnered with</p><br>
<p>long-time competitor Fanuc.</p><br>
<h2>Closure</h2><br>
<h3>Late 1960s</h3><br>
<p>By the late 1960s the aircraft business had already been transferred</p><br>
<p>to other GE plants located in Johnson City, New York, and Erie, Pennsylvania. By 1974,</p><br>
<p>the adjustable speed drives business had been transferred to GE&#39;s</p><br>
<p>plant in Erie, PA. The photoelectric business was absorbed by the</p><br>
<p>General Purpose Control Department in Bloomington, Illinois, and the power</p><br>
<p>systems components, consisting of static exciters and power</p><br>
<p>regulators, were transferred to the Industry Control Department in</p><br>
<p>Salem, VA. The residual products remaining in Specialty Control were</p><br>
<p>now reduced to the Terminet printers and the relay business. The name</p><br>
<p>Specialty Control now became Data Communications Products Department</p><br>
<p>and, at one time, Data Communications Products Business Department.</p><br>
<h3>Late 1970s</h3><br>
<p>In the late 1970s, a major development was undertaken to design a</p><br>
<p>non-impact printing technology to compete with laser printers.</p><br>
<p>General Electric&#39;s Research and Development group in Schenectady, NY,</p><br>
<p>prepared the initial concepts. A temporary satellite group of</p><br>
<p>engineers continued the product development in the former Wilson</p><br>
<p>building (formerly Wilson Trucking Co.) on W. Main Street across New</p><br>
<p>Hope Road from the Purple Foot restaurant in Waynesboro. The new</p><br>
<p>printer was to become Terminet 8000, printing 8000 lines per minute.</p><br>
<p>At that time printers were operating at 300 to 600 lines per minute</p><br>
<p>and were producing 6 to 9 copies (plies). In order for this new</p><br>
<p>single-ply technology to compete, a speed at least ten times 600</p><br>
<p>lines per minute was adopted. The technology incorporated in it was</p><br>
<p>so far ahead of its time that Product Planning and Marketing were</p><br>
<p>unable to build a market for it --- and it died aborning.</p><br>
<h3>Relays & High-Speed Impact Printers - The Creation of Genicom Corporation</h3><br>
<p>Of the many product lines that existed in Waynesboro, two confounded</p><br>
<p>the strategic planning of GE corporate management. For nearly 20</p><br>
<p>years it had predicted the perennial demise of the relay business.</p><br>
<p>Likewise, in the early 1980s, as the computer businesses had been</p><br>
<p>sold, it didn&#39;t see the long-term viability of high-speed impact</p><br>
<p>printers. At that time the darlings of the family became unwanted</p><br>
<p>children and their future was deemed uncertain, as they didn&#39;t fit</p><br>
<p>anywhere in the corporate business structure.</p><br>
<p>In 1981, GE made preparations to sell both the relay and the printer</p><br>
<p>businesses and the management-buyout was completed in October 1983. The announcement was made to the employees on October 21. GE</p><br>
<p>financed a small portion of the buyout price.</p><br>
<p>A new company was formed with the name Genicom Corporation. This new</p><br>
<p>venture included both relays and printers but the emphasis was to</p><br>
<p>exploit the market for the printer business under the direction of</p><br>
<p>Curtis Powell as CEO. Genicom ultimately sold the relay business to a</p><br>
<p>firm, CII Technology, a group of venture capitalists that were</p><br>
<p>combining all such manufacturers into one operation in North</p><br>
<p>Carolina. The sale was made in the early 1990s.</p><br>
<h3>The Growth & Evolution of Genicom Corporation</h3><br>
<p>Genicom was quite successful in its early operations, and its stock</p><br>
<p>went public in 1987–8. However, as the impact printer technology</p><br>
<p>began to be replaced by the laser print engine and the ink jet</p><br>
<p>technology, it became more and more difficult to compete as those</p><br>
<p>technologies were almost completely patented by others, and a license</p><br>
<p>was required to build them. Early on, Genicom realized that just</p><br>
<p>manufacturing and selling printers was not enough. It started a very</p><br>
<p>successful service business a.k.a. Enterprising Service Solutions</p><br>
<p>Company (ESSC) that eventually serviced all makes of printer and</p><br>
<p>printer-related products. A very large warehouse for this business</p><br>
<p>was built in Louisville, KY for this endeavor and much of the</p><br>
<p>Waynesboro service operation moved there. Also, there were many</p><br>
<p>country-specific corporations owned by Genicom across the globe. At</p><br>
<p>its zenith, Genicom had $400 million in sales.</p><br>
<h3>The Bankruptcy Genicom Corporation</h3><br>
<p>Several attempts were made to buy/merge with others already in the</p><br>
<p>field (such as Centronics, Texas Instruments, and Digital EquipmentCorporation&#39;s printer division), but these efforts were ultimately</p><br>
<p>unsuccessful. On March 10, 2000, Genicom declared bankruptcy. On July</p><br>
<p>17, 2001, a group of venture capitalists, Sun Capital Corporation,</p><br>
<p>bought (for $9.3 million) the printer division of the bankrupt</p><br>
<p>company, and its name became Genicom LLC. It was then resold in 2003</p><br>
<p>and became fragmented.</p><br>
<h3>Genicom LP</h3><br>
<p>A very narrow portion of the printer line continued to be built under</p><br>
<p>the name Genicom LP. Northrop Grumman Information Technology took</p><br>
<p>over the parts and service of Genicom printers existing in the field</p><br>
<p>under the name Genicom, PLC, and it now operates as an on-line</p><br>
<p>Customer Service Center in a portion of the Waynesboro Outlet Village.</p><br>
<h3>Talley-Genicom merger</h3><br>
<p>A merger of Tally and the residual Genicom was announced on</p><br>
<p>August 3, 2003 under the name Tally-Genicom and this new company,</p><br>
<p>with manufacturing at its Mexican affiliate or by manufacturing</p><br>
<p>partners, is continuing the design and manufacturing support of</p><br>
<p>dot-matrix and shuttle-matrix printers in a portion of the plant</p><br>
<p>formerly occupied by General Electric. Corporate headquarters still</p><br>
<p>resides at Chantilly, Virginia.</p><br>
<h3>Solutions Way Management</h3><br>
<p>Solutions Way Management, LLC, a subsidiary of Allied Realty, Co., as part of the 2001 Genicom bankruptcy settlement, purchased the former GE property for $750,000 and now operates it as an incubator for fledgling new businesses, providing manufacturing space, and offering support services as required by the newcomers.</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>General Electric and GENICOM manufactured circuit boards on site using a plating and etching processes that generated waste solvents. These solvents and other wastes contributed to groundwater contamination. General Electric assumed environmental responsibility for the contamination and operates a pump-and-treat system.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Leelanau Narrows Bridge is a bridge located on M-204 over Lake Leelanau Narrows in Leland Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Leelanau was a major impediment to east-west travel since this area was first settled in the mid-1800s. A wooden bridge was erected over the narrows in 1864; a replacement metal truss bridge was constructed in 1894–1895. In 1939, the Michigan State Highway Department decided to replace the aging truss bridge to help support the local tourist economy. They built this new bridge about 200 yards north. The bridge project was part of the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works, which provided jobs in the Great Depression through funding public infrastructure projects.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lake Leelanau Narrows Bridge is a three-span structure crossing the narrowest part of the 15 mi Lake Leelanau. Each span is 60 ft long and consists of nine rolled steel beams, sitting on concrete mid-stream piers and skewed end abutments. The base of each pier are formed into pointed cutwaters at each end. Four posts on each pier support the bridge, with the exterior post ending with a graceful Streamline Moderne curve. A similar curve is apparent on the concrete railing posts above. The deck of the bridge is 38 ft wide, with sidewalks on each side of the roadway.</p><br>
<p>The Leelanau Transit Company Suttons Bay Depot, also known as the Suttons Bay Railroad Depot, is a railroad station located at 101 South Cedar Street in Suttons Bay, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main track through Suttons Bay was laid down in 1903 by the Traverse City, Leelanau, and Manistique Railroad, to access a Northport-Manistique car ferry. A siding was built a few years later; however, the railway was immediately unsuccessful and the ferry was discontinued by 1908. In 1919, a successor company, the Leelanau Transit Company was organized to take over ownership of the tracks. They leased the line to the Manistee and North-Eastern Railroad and built this depot between the main line and siding in Suttons Bay as a passenger and freight station.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s, the tracks north of Suttons Bay were abandoned. The track section between Suttons Bay and Traverse City were used by the Leelanau Scenic Railroad between 1989 and 1995. In 1996, the track were torn up and a rail trail put in its place. The depot is used as a law office.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Suttons Bay Railroad Depot is a single-story Arts-and-Crafts-inspired structure with a hip roof, built of rounded cobblestones. The roof overhangs widely on all sides of the building, sheltering the walls and the trackside platform.</p><br>
<p>Williamsburg Inn is a historic resort hotel located at Williamsburg, Virginia. It was built in three phases between 1937 and 1972. The original section was designed by Perry Dean Rogers Architects and is dominated by a two-story portico which stands atop a ground floor arcade. It is a three-story, seven-bay, Colonial Revival style brick structure. It has two-story flanking wings in an "H"-shape. The East Wing addition, also by Perry Dean Rogers Architects, consists of multiple wings of guest rooms set at right angles to one another. A third phase embracing the Regency Dining Room and its adjoining courtyard, was completed in 1972. The inn represented John D. Rockefeller Jr.&#39;s commitment to bring the message of Williamsburg to a larger audience of influential Americans.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The inn has twice hosted Queen Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in 1957 and 2007 while visiting Jamestown, Virginia. These visits marked the original settlement of the British colonists on the 350th and 400th anniversaries when the British first landed in America.</p><br>
<p>The Chandler Court and Pollard Park Historic District is a national historic district located at Williamsburg, Virginia. In 1996, it included 25 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 1 contributing structure deemed to contribute to the historic character of the area. It was developed between 1922 and 1940, and represents the changing appearance of middle-class suburban housing. The houses represent a variety of popular architectural styles including Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Bungalow.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
